This Day in Arts & Literature: January 1
- 1818 - Mary Shelley's novel "Frankenstein; or, The Modern Prometheus" is published anonymously in London.
- 1863 - The Emancipation Proclamation by Abraham Lincoln goes into effect, declaring freedom for enslaved people in Confederate territories.
- 1923 - The Rose Bowl game is first held in Pasadena, California.
- 1945 - British novelist George Orwell publishes "Animal Farm," a satirical allegory of Soviet communism.
- 1959 - Fidel Castro takes control of Cuba after the revolution, affecting the country's cultural landscape.
- 1966 - The BBC television series "Doctor Who" airs its first-ever episode, introducing the iconic Time Lord.
- 1980 - "Star Wars: Episode V - The Empire Strikes Back" is released, expanding the "Star Wars" saga.
- 1986 - Stephen King's novel "It" is first published, becoming a classic in the horror genre.
- 1994 - Russian author Alexander Solzhenitsyn returns to Russia after 20 years in exile.
- 2005 - YouTube, a platform that would revolutionize online video and content creation, is launched.
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